Infections

Evidence 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27512432/ 

E Dalton, E Castillo 

Infection affects 5–7% of postpartum women with higher rates for women undergoing caesarean sections, but real prevalence remains underestimated because surveillance systems are often limited to the acute care setting. 

Reducing infection risks with prophylactic antibiotics, appropriate skin preparation, limiting vaginal exams, and adhering to sterile technique are paramount to decreasing infection risk. Postpartum women are particularly susceptible to infection and all health professionals caring for these women must be aware of the specific risk factors, presentations, and treatment protocols in order to limit hospitalization and infectious complications. 

Education 

After childbirth your body goes through changes that make you more vulnerable to infections. Whether you have had a vaginal birth or a caesarean section, it is important to monitor your body and recognise any signs of infection early. While some infections are mild and can be treated easily, others can become serious if left untreated. 

Caring for yourself post pregnancy is just as important as caring for your baby.  

Common Infections After Birth 

Endometritis: Infection and inflammation of the uterine lining, usually occurring after prolonged labour, multiple vaginal exams, or caesarean sections. Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain and foul-smelling vaginal discharge. 

Mastitis: A breast infection that causes pain, redness, swelling and flu-like symptoms. It often results from a blocked milk duct or bacterial infection through cracked nipples. 

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): An infection of the urinary system, common after catheter use during labour or birth trauma. Symptoms include burning during urination, frequent urination, and pelvic discomfort. 

Wound Infection: Infections at the incision site from a caesarean section or vaginal tear repair. Symptoms include redness, swelling, warmth, pus and increasing pain at the site. 

Sepsis: A severe infection that spreads through the bloodstream and requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include fever, rapid heart rate, confusion and difficulty breathing. 

Signs of Infection are: 

• Fever above 38°C 

• Chills or flu-like symptoms 

• Increasing pain or swelling 

• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge 

• Redness, warmth, or pus at a wound site 

• Painful urination or blood in urine

Tips for preventing infections 

• Maintaining good hygiene. Regular handwashing and keeping wounds clean and dry can help reduce the risk of complications.  

• Using clean maternity pads and changing them frequently.  

• Avoiding perfumed products that can cause irritation.  

• Staying hydrated and maintaining a balanced diet supports immune function and promotes recovery.  

Additionally, attending post pregnancy check-ups and promptly reporting any concerning symptoms to your healthcare team can help in the early detection and treatment of infections. 

When to Seek Medical Help 

If you experience persistent fever, worsening pain, unusual discharge, or any symptoms of sepsis, seek urgent medical care. Recognising these warning signs early can prevent serious complications and ensure timely treatment. 

Empowerment  

It is easy to focus entirely on your baby’s needs and overlook your own health. However, looking after yourself is just as important. Your body has been through a lot and ensuring proper healing will help you provide the best care for your baby in the long run. 

If you notice signs of infection, do not hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider. Taking care of yourself will help you stay strong for your baby during this critical time. 

Useful Links 

Pregnancy, Birth and Baby 

https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/sepsis-during-pregnancy-and-after-childbirth 

Australian Journal of General Practice (AJGP)  

https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2022/march/postnatal-care-gp-visit 

Australian Breastfeeding Association – Mastitis 

https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/resources/mastitis 

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