Hyperemesis gravidarum

Evidence 

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5691116/ 

Helena Kames Kjeldgaard, Malin Eberhard-Gran, Jūratė Šaltytė Benth, Åse Vigdis Vikanes  

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is common and affects up to 80% of all pregnancies, predominantly during the first trimester. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is characterised by severe NVP starting before the 22nd week of gestation and can occur with or without metabolic disturbances. Due to the severity of NVP, HG is a main cause for sick leave and hospitalisation during early affecting between 0.3 and 2% of all pregnancies. 

Education  

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, often leading to dehydration, malnutrition, and fatigue. Although HG symptoms typically resolve after birth, the physical and emotional toll may persist. Many mothers face challenges in regaining strength and normalising nutrition after such an intense experience. 

Recovery from HG varies, as symptoms and severity differ for each person. Key areas of focus in post-HG recovery often include: 

• Physical Strength: Due to extended periods of limited food intake and possible malnutrition, rebuilding strength may take time. 

• Digestive Recovery: Many who experienced HG find that their digestive system remains sensitive or requires gradual reintroduction of various foods. 

• Mental Health: HG can be traumatic, and some may experience anxiety or emotional stress due to the intensity of the symptoms during pregnancy. 

What to Expect in Recovery 

While every experience is unique, some common aspects of post-HG recovery include: 

• Nutritional Repletion: Addressing any deficiencies, such as low iron, vitamin B12, or electrolytes, to rebuild physical strength. 

• Digestive Adjustment: You may need to start with bland foods and gradually reintroduce diverse foods as your digestive system adapts. 

• Emotional Adjustment: Many mothers feel a mix of relief and residual stress after HG. It’s normal to feel a range of emotions as you adjust and process the experience.

Tips for Gradual Recovery 

HG recovery is often incremental, requiring patience and gentle steps. A few tips include: 

• Hydration and Nutrient-Rich Foods: Focus on easy-to-digest, nutrient-rich foods to support energy levels. 

• Small, Frequent Meals: Many mothers find small, frequent meals gentler on their system than large meals. 

• Physical Activity: Gentle movement, such as short walks, can help rebuild stamina without overwhelming your energy reserves. 

Empowerment 

Recovery after HG is unique and recognising that your path may look different from others’ can help alleviate pressure. Here are ways to stay empowered during recovery: 

• Celebrate Small Wins: Every step, whether it’s tolerating a new food or regaining energy, is an achievement. 

• Listen to Your Body: It’s important to tune in to how you’re feeling and adjust your recovery pace accordingly. 

• Seek Out Professional Support: Dietitians and other specialists can help you tailor a nutritional recovery plan suited to your needs. 

Recovering from HG can require extended support from family, healthcare providers, and community resources. Here’s how you can advocate for the support you need: 

• Connect with Your Healthcare Provider: Regular check-ins to monitor your nutritional and emotional health can help identify any lingering deficiencies or mental health needs. 

• Share Your Experience: Let your loved ones know what recovery feels like for you, as many people may not realize how long recovery from HG can take. 

• Explore Peer Support: HG support groups, either online or in person, can provide encouragement and understanding from those who have gone through similar experiences. 

When to Seek Additional Help 

If you experience persistent symptoms such as severe fatigue, prolonged nausea, difficulty in regaining appetite, or feelings of anxiety and depression, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare provider. Support is available to help you continue your recovery journey. 

Useful Links 

Hyperemesis Australia 

https://www.hyperemesisaustralia.org.au/postpartum 

COPE – Centre of Prenatal Excellence 

https://www.cope.org.au/expecting-a-baby/staying-well/hyperemesis-gravidarum-severe-morning-sickness/ 

https://www.cope.org.au/hyperemesis-gravidarum-and-nausea-and-vomiting-in-pregnancy-what-health-professionals-need-to-know/ 

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